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Philosophy - isms
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| Absolutism | | Government by a Single Absolute Ruler; Autocracy |
| Absurdism | | We Live in an Irrational Universe |
| Academicism | | Nothing Can Be Known |
| Accidentalism | | Events Do Not Have Causes |
| Acosmism | | Disbelief in Existence of Eternal Universe Distinct from God |
| Adamitism | | Nakedness for Religious Reasons |
| Adevism | | Denial of Gods of Mythology and Legend |
| Adiaphorism | | Theological Indifference or Latitudinarianism |
| Adoptionism | | Christ Was the Adopted and Not Natural Son of God |
| Aestheticism | | Beauty is Central to Other Moral Principles |
| Agapism | | Ethics of Love |
| Agathism | | Ultimate Triumph of Good Despite Evil Means |
| Agnosticism | | We Know Nothing Beyond Material Phenomena |
| Anarchism | | All Governments Should Be Abolished |
| Animism | | Attribution of Soul to Inanimate Objects |
| Annihilationism | | The Wicked Are Utterly Destroyed After Death |
| Anthropomorphism | | Attribution of Human Qualities to Non-human Things |
| Anthropotheism | | Gods Are Only Deified Men |
| Antidisestablishmentarianism | | Opposition to Removal of Church of England's Official Religion Status |
| Antilapsarianism | | The Fall of Humanity |
| Antinomianism | | The Rejection of Moral Law |
| Antipedobaptism | | Denial of Validity of Infant Baptism |
| Apocalypticism | | The Imminent End of the World |
| Asceticism | | Self-denial of the Body Permits Spiritual Enlightenment |
| Aspheterism | | Denial of the Right to Private Property |
| Atheism | | There is No God |
| Atomism | | The Universe Consists of Small Indivisible Particles |
| Autosoterism | | One Can Obtain Salvation Through Oneself |
| Autotheism | | One is God Incarnate or That One is Christ |
| Bonism | | The World is Good but Not Perfect |
| Bullionism | | The Importance of Metallic Currency in Economics |
| Capitalism | | Private Ownership and Free Markets Should Govern Economics |
| Casualism | | Chance Governs All Things |
| Catabaptism | | Opposition to Infant Baptism |
| Catastrophism | | Rapid Geological and Biological Change |
| Collectivism | | Communal Control of Means of Production |
| Collegialism | | Church is Dependent from the State |
| Conceptualism | | Universal Truths Exist As Mental Concepts |
| Conservatism | | Maintaining Political and Social Traditions |
| Constructivism | | Knowledge and Reality Do Not Have an Objective Value |
| Cosmism | | Cosmos is a Self-existing Whole |
| Cosmotheism | | Identifies God With the Cosmos |
| Deism | | God but Rejection of Religion |
| Determinism | | Events Are Predetermined by Preceding Events or Laws |
| Ditheism | | Two Equal Gods, One Good and One Evil |
| Ditheletism | | Christ Had Two Wills |
| Dphysitism | | Dual Nature of Christ |
| Dualism | | Universe is Controlled by One Good and One Evil Force |
| Egalitarianism | | Humans Ought to Be Equal in Rights and Privileges |
| Egoism | | Pursuit of Self-interest is the Highest Good |
| Egotheism | | Identification of Oneself With God |
| Emotivism | | Moral Statements Are Inherently Biased |
| Empiricism | | Experience of the Senses is the Only Source of Knowledge |
| Entryism | | Joining a Group to Change Its Policies |
| Epiphenomenalism | | Mental Processes Are Epiphenomena of Brain Activity |
| Eternalism | | Matter Has Existed Eternally |
| Eudaemonism Ethical | | Happiness Equals Morality |
| Euhemerism | | Explanation of Mythology As Growing out of History |
| Existentialism | | Individual Human Responsibility in an Unfathomable Universe |
| Experientialism | | Knowledge Comes from Experience |
| Fallibilism | | Empirical Knowledge is Uncertain |
| Fatalism | | Events Are Fixed and Humans Are Powerless |
| Fideism | | Knowledge Depends on Faith over Reason |
| Finalism | | An End Has or Can Be Reached |
| Fortuitism | | Evolution by Chance Variation |
| Functionalism | | Emphasising Utility and Function |
| Geocentrism | | Earth is the Centre of the Universe |
| Gnosticism | | Freedom Derives Solely from Knowledge |
| Gradualism | | Things Proceed by Degrees |
| Gymnobiblism | | Bible Can Be Presented to Unlearned Without Commentary |
| Hedonism | | Pleasure is the Highest Good |
| Henism | | There is Only One Kind of Existence |
| Henotheism | | One Tribal God, but Not As the Only God |
| Historicism | | All Phenomena Are Historically Determined |
| Holism | | Parts of Any Thing Must Be Understood in Relation to the Whole |
| Holobaptism | | Baptism With Total Immersion in Water |
| Humanism | | Human Interests and Mind Are Paramount |
| Humanitarianism | | Highest Moral Obligation is to Improve Human Welfare |
| Hylicism | | Materialism |
| Hylomorphism | | Matter is Cause of the Universe |
| Hylopathism | | Ability of Matter to Affect the Spiritual World |
| Hylotheism | | Universe is Purely Material |
| Hylozoism | | All Matter is Endowed With Life |
| Idealism | | Our Experiences of the World Consist of Ideas |
| Identism | | Objective and Subjective, or Matter and Mind, Are Identical |
| Ignorantism | | Ignorance is a Favourable Thing |
| Illuminism | | An Inward Spiritual Light |
| Illusionism | | External World is Philosophy |
| Imagism | | Use of Precise Images With Unrestricted Subject |
| Immanentism | | An Immanent or Permanent God |
Immanent means inherent in the world or the individual
| Immaterialism | | There is No Material Substance |
| Immoralism | | Rejection of Morality |
| Indifferentism | | All Religions Are Equally Valid |
| Individualism | | Individual Interests and Rights Are Paramount |
| Instrumentalism | | Ideas Are Instruments of Action |
| Intellectualism | | All Knowledge is Derived from Reason |
| Interactionism | | Mind and Body Act on Each Other |
| Introspectionism | | Knowledge of Mind Must Derive from Introspection |
| Intuitionism | | Perception of Truth is by Intuition |
| Irreligionism | | System of Belief That is Hostile to Religions |
| Kathenotheism | | Polytheism in Which Each God is Considered Single and Supreme |
| Kenotism | | Christ Rid Himself of Divinity in Becoming Human |
| Laicism | | Opposition to Clergy and Priests |
| Latitudinarianism | | Broad Liberality in Religious Belief and Conduct |
| Laxism | | An Unlikely Opinion May Be Safely Followed |
| Legalism | | Salvation Depends on Strict Adherence to the Law |
| Liberalism | | Social Change and Tolerance |
| Libertarianism | | Personal Liberty is the Highest Value |
| Malism | | The World is Evil |
| Materialism | | Matter is Only Extant Substance |
| Mechanism | | Life is Explainable by Mechanical Forces |
| Meliorism | | The World Tends to Become Better |
| Mentalism | | The World Can Be Explained As Aspect of the Mind |
| Messianism | | A Single Messiah or Saviour |
| Millenarianism | | Ideal Society Will Be Produced in the Near Future |
| Modalism | | Unity of Father, Son and Holy Spirit |
| Monadism | | There Exist Ultimate Units of Being |
| Monergism | | The Holy Spirit Alone Can Act |
| Monism | | All Things Can Be Placed in One Category |
| Monophysitism | | Christ Was Primarily Divine but in Human Form |
| Monopsychism | | Individuals Have a Single Eternal Soul |
| Monotheism | | Only One God |
| Monotheletism | | Christ Only Had One Will |
| Mortalism | | The Soul is Mortal |
| Mutualism | | Mutual Dependence of Society and the Individual |
| Nativism | | The Mind Possesses Inborn Thoughts |
| Naturalism | | The World Can Be Explained in Terms of Natural Forces |
| Necessarianism | | Actions Are Determined by Prior History; Fatalism |
| Neonomianism | | The Gospel Abrogates Earlier Moral Codes |
| Neovitalism | | The Total Material Explanation is Impossible |
| Nihilism | | Denial of All Reality; Extreme Scepticism |
| Nominalism | | Naming of Things Defines Reality |
| Nomism | | Moral Conduct Consists in Observance of Laws |
| Noumenalism | | Existence of Noumena |
| Nullibilism | | Denial That the Soul Exists in Space |
| Numenism | | Local Deities or Spirits |
| Objectivism | | All Reality is Objective |
| Omnism | | All Religions |
| Optimism | | We Live in the Best of All Possible Worlds |
| Organicism | | Conception of Life or Society As an Organism |
| Paedobaptism | | Infant Baptism |
| Panaesthetism | | Consciousness May Adhere Generally in Matter |
| Pancosmism | | The Material Universe is All That Exists |
| Panentheism | | The World is Part but Not All of God's Being |
| Panpsychism | | All Nature Has a Psychic Side |
| Pansexualism | | All Thought Derived from Sexual Instinct |
| Panspermatism | | Origin of Life from Extraterrestrial Germs |
| Pantheism | | The Universe is God |
| Panzoism | | Humans and Animals Share Vital Life Energy |
| Parallelism | | Matter and Mind Don't Interact but Relate |
| Pejorism | | Severe Pessimism |
| Perfectibilism | | Humans Capable of Becoming Perfect |
| Perfectionism | | Moral Perfection Constitutes the Highest Value |
| Personalism | | Humans Possess Spiritual Freedom |
| Pessimism | | The Universe is Essentially Evil |
| Phenomenalism | | Phenomena Are the Only Realities |
| Physicalism | | All Phenomena Reducible to Verifiable Assertions |
| Physitheism | | Attribution of Physical Form and Attributes to Deities |
| Pluralism | | Reality Consists of Several Kinds of Entities |
| Polytheism | | Multiple Deities |
| Positivism | | That Which is Not Observable is Not Knowable |
| Pragmatism | | Emphasizing Practical Value of Philosophy |
| Predestinarianism | | What Ever is to Happen is Already Fixed |
| Prescriptivism | | Moral Edicts Are Merely Orders With No Truth Value |
| Primitivism | | A Simple and Natural Life is Morally Best |
| Privatism | | Attitude of Avoiding Involvement in Outside Interests |
| Probabiliorism | | When in Doubt One Must Choose Most Likely Answer |
| Probabilism | | Knowledge is Always Probable but Never Absolute |
| Psilanthropism | | Denial of Christ's Divinity |
| Psychism | | Universal Soul |
| Psychomorphism | | Inanimate Objects Have Human Mentality |
| Psychopannychism | | Souls Sleep from Death to Resurrection |
| Pychotheism | | God is a Purely Spirtual Entity |
| Pyrrhonism | | Total or Radical Scepticism |
| Quietism | | Enlightenment Through Mental Tranquility |
| Racism | | Race is the Primary Determinant of Human Capacities |
| Rationalism | | Reason is the Fundamental Source of Knowledge |
| Realism | | Objects of Cognition Are Real |
| Reductionism | | Complex Phenomena Are Reducible to Simple Ones |
| Regalism | | The Monarch's Supremacy in Church Affairs |
| Representationalism | | Ideas Rather Than External Objects Are Basis of Knowledge |
| Republicanism | | A Republic is the Best Form of Government |
| Resistentialism | | Inanimate Objects Display Malice Towards Humans |
| Romanticism | | Sentimental Feeling in Artistic Expression |
| Sacerdotalism | | Priests Are Necessary Mediators Between God and Mankind |
| Sacramentarianism | | Sacraments Have Unusual Properties |
| Scientism | | Methods of Science Are Universally Applicable |
| Self-determinism | | The Actions of a Self Are Determined by Itself |
| Sensationalism | | Ideas Originate Solely in Sensation |
| Siderism | | The Stars Influence Human Affairs |
| Skepticism | | The True Knowledge is Always Uncertain |
| Socialism | | Centralized State Control of Wealth and Property |
| Solarism | | Excessive Use of Solar Myths in Explaining Mythology |
| Solifidianism | | Faith Alone Will Ensure Salvation |
| Solipsism | | Self-existence is the Only Certainty |
| Spatialism | | Matter Has Only Spatial, Temporal and Casual Properties |
| Spiritualism | | Nothing is Real Except the Soul or Spirit |
| Stercoranism | | The Consecrated Eucharist is Digested and Evacuated |
| Stoicism | | Indifference to Pleasure or Pain |
| Subjectivism | | All Knowledge is Subjective |
| Substantialism | | There is a Real Existence Underlying Phenomena |
| Syndicalism | | Direct Worker Control of Capital |
| Synergism | | Human and Divine Spirit Cooperate in Salvation |
| Terminism | | There is a Time Limit for Repentance |
| Thanatism | | The Soul Dies With the Body |
| Theism | | The Existence of God Without Special Revelation |
| Theocentrism | | God is Central Fact of Existence |
| Theopantism | | God is the Only Reality |
| Theopsychism | | The Soul is of a Divine Nature |
| Thnetopsychism | | The Soul Dies With the Body, to Be Reborn on Day of Judgement |
| Titanism | | Spirit of Revolt or Defiance Against Social Conventions |
| Tolerationism | | Toleration of Religious Differences |
| Totemism | | A Group Has a Special Kinship With an Object or Animal |
| Transcendentalism | | Emphasizes That Which Transcends Perception |
| Transmigrationism | | The Soul Passes Into Other Body at Death |
| Trialism | | Humans Have Three Separate Essences (body, Soul, Spirit) |
| Tritheism | | Members of the Trinity Are Separate Gods |
| Triumphalism | | The Superiority of One Particular Religious Creed |
| Tuism | | Individuals Have a Second or Other Self |
| Tutiorism | | One Should Take the Safer Moral Course |
| Tychism | | Accepts Role of Pure Chance |
| Ubiquitarianism | | Christ is Everywhere |
| Undulationism | | Light Consists of Waves |
| Universalism | | Universal Salvation |
| Utilitarianism | | Utility of Actions Determines Moral Value |
| Vitalism | | That There is a Vital Force Behind Life |
| Voluntarism | | The Will Dominates the Intellect |
| Zoism | | Life Originates from a Single Vital Principle |
| Zoomorphism | | Conception of a God or Man in Animal Form |
| Zootheism | | Attribution of Divine Qualities to Animals |
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