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Nobel Prize for Chemistry
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry.
| 118 facts: | << Prev Next >> |
| Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose | | The Discovery of Ubiquitin-mediated Protein Degradation |
2004
| Aaron Klug | | Development of Crystallographic Electron Microscopy |
1982 - And his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes
| Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt | | Sex Hormones |
1939
| Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus | | The Constitution of the Sterols and Their Connection With the Vitamins |
1928
| Ahmed H. Zewail | | The Transition States of Chemical Reactions Using Femtosecond Spectroscopy |
1999
| Alfred Werner | | The Linkage of Atoms in Molecules |
1913
| Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid and Hideki Shirakawa | | The Discovery and Development of Conductive Polymers |
2000
| Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius | | Electrophoresis and Adsorption Analysis |
1948 - Especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins
| Carl Bosch & Friedrich Bergius | | Invention and Development of Chemical High Pressure Methods |
1931
| Christian B. Anfinsen | | Ribonuclease |
1972
| Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles J. Pedersen | | Development and Use of Molecules With Structure |
1987 - Specific interactions of high selectivity
| Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin | | X-ray Techniques of the Structures of Important Biochemical Substances |
1964
| Dan Shechtman | | The Discovery of Quasicrystals |
2011
| Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi | | The Dynamics of Chemical Elementary Processes |
1986
| Eduard Buchner | | Discovery of Cell-free Fermentation |
1907
| Edwin Mattison McMillan and Glenn Theodore Seaborg | | Discoveries in the Chemistry of Transuranium Elements |
1951
| Ernest Rutherford | | Chemistry of Radioactive Substances |
1908
| Ernst Otto Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson | | The Chemistry of the Organometallic |
1973 - So called sandwich compounds
| Frances Arnold, George P Smith and Greg Winter | | The Directed Evolution of Enzymes. and The Phage Display of Peptides and Antibodies. |
2018
| Frederick Sanger | | The Structure of Proteins (insulin) |
1958
| Frederick Soddy | | Origin and Nature of Isotopes |
1921
| Fritz Haber | | Synthesis of Ammonia from Its Elements |
1918
| George A. Olah | | Carbocation Chemistry |
1994
| Gerhard Ertl | | Chemical Processes on Solid Surfaces |
2007
| Hans Fischer | | Synthesis of Haemin |
1930
| Harold Clayton Urey | | Discovery of Heavy Hydrogen |
1934
| Henri Moissan | | Isolation of the Element Fluorine |
1906
| Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle | | Developing Direct Methods for the Determination of Crystal Structures |
1985
| Hermann Emil Fischer | | Sugar and Purine Syntheses |
1902
| Ilya Prigogine | | Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics |
1977 - Particularly the theory of dissipative structures
| Jacobus Henricus Van 't Hoff | | Laws of Chemical Dynamics and Osmotic Pressure in Solutions |
1901
| Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber and Harmut Michel | | Determination of the Three-dimensional Structure of a Photosynthetic Reaction Centre |
1988
| John B. Fenn and Koichi Tanaka | | Methods for Identification and Structure Analyses of Biological Macromolecules |
2002 - For their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules
| John Howard Northrop and Wendell Meredith Stanley | | Preparation of Enzymes and Virus Proteins in a Pure Form |
1946
| Kary B. Mullis and Michael Smith | | Invention of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Method |
1993
| Kurt Wüthrich | | Development of Methods for Identification and Structure Analyses of Biological Macromolecules |
2002 - For his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution
| Lars Onsager | | Discovery of the Reciprocal Relations |
1968 - Fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes
| Luis F. Leloir | | Discovery of Sugar Nucleotides and Their Role in the Biosynthesis of Carbohydrates |
1970
| Manfred Eigen, Ronald Norris and George Porter | | Extremely Fast Chemical Reactions |
1967 - Effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy
| Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel | | The Development of Multi-scale Models for Complex Chemical Systems |
2013
| Melvin Calvin | | Carbon Dioxide Assimilation in Plants |
1961
| Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger U. Tsien | | The Discovery and Development of the Green Fluorescent Protein, GFP |
2008
| Otto Hahn | | Discovery of the Fission of Heavy Nuclei |
1944
| Otto Wallach | | Alicyclic Compounds |
1910
| Paul Berg | | Fundamental Studies of the Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids |
1980 - With particular regard to recombinant-DNA
| Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker | | Elucidation of the Enzymatic Mechanism Underlying the Synthesis of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
1997
| Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland | | Atmospheric Chemistry |
1995 - Particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone
| Paul Sabatier | | Hydrogenating Organic Compounds |
1912
| Peter D. Mitchell | | Biological Energy Transfer |
1978 - Through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory
| Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki | | Palladium - Catalyzed Cross Couplings in Organic Synthesis |
2010
| Richard Kuhn | | Carotenoids and Vitamins |
1938
| Richard Martin Willstätter | | Research on Plant Pigments |
1915 - Especially chlorophyll
| Richard R. Ernst | | Development of the Methodology of High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy |
1991
| Robert Bruce Merrifield | | Development of Methodology for Chemical Synthesis on a Solid Matrix |
1984
| Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood & Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov | | The Mechanism of Chemical Reactions |
1956
| Sir William Ramsay | | Discovery of the Inert Gaseous Elements in Air |
1904 - And his determination of their place in the periodic system
| Stanford Moore and William H. Stein | | The Connection Between Chemical Structure and Catalytic Activity |
1972 - Of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule
| Theodor Svedberg | | Disperse Systems |
1926
| Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath | | Studies of the Structure and Function of the Ribosome |
2009
| Victor Grignard | | Organometallic Chemical Reaction |
1912 - Also known as the 'Grignard Reaction'.
| Vincent Du Vigneaud | | Biochemically Important Sulphur Compounds |
1955 - For the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone
| Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger | | The Determination of Base Sequences in Nucleic Acids |
1980
| Walter Norman Haworth | | Carbohydrates and Vitamin C |
1937
| Walther Hermann Nernst | | Thermochemistry |
1920
| Willard Frank Libby | | The Use of Carbon-14 for Age Determination in Archaeology |
1960 - Also for geology, geophysics, and other branches of science
| William Francis Giauque | | The Field of Chemical Thermodynamics |
1949 - Concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures
| Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock | | The Development of the Metathesis Method in Organic Synthesis |
2005
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