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Brother of Moses; born c.1395 BC Sage and fabulist. Author of the famous Aesop's Fables; born c.620 BC Credited with the establishment of monotheism in Egypt; born c. 1364 BC Athenian. Colorful figure of the Peloponnesian War Military genius, born 356 BCE Maintained the longest reign of any ruler of his period (1386-1349 BCE) Disciple and attendant of the Buddha 6th century BCE Pre-Socratic, tried to give a scientific account of eclipses, meteors, rainbows and the sun; c. 500-428 BC And cartographer. Tried to describe the mechanics of celestial bodies and created a map of the known world Pre-Socratic, c. 610-546 BCE Aka Antigonus the One-Eyed; one of the successors of Alexander the Great; 382-301 BC Founded the school of classical Cynicism; c. 444-365 BCE And geometer. The crater Apollonius on the Moon is named after him; c. 262-190 BC Or Apollonius Rhodius; librarian at the Library of Alexandria; b. after 246 BCE Remembered for his epic poem of Jason and the Argonauts And engineer. Generally considered the greatest mathematician of antiquity; c. 287-212 BC Practiced in Rome and Alexandria; some uncertainty regarding his age but probably practiced in the first century CE Pioneer mathematician and astronomer. Born between 280 and 256 b.c.on Samos island. Most of his life was spent in Athens and he was known to be a scholar of Aristotle. First to teach about the movement of the earth around its axis and around the sun; 390-330 BC Acclaimed playwright of Athens many of whose plays still exist; c. 446-386 BC Student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great; 384-322 BC Defeated the Roman army in the Battle of Teutoburg Forest Queen of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedonia; 316-270 BC And Buddhist monk, c. 300-370 CE Flourished in Rome near the end of the 2nd century BCE Last great king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire'668-c. 627 BC And philosopher. Believed to be the first Sanskrit dramatist; c. 80-50 CE Daughter of Cyrus the Great; 550-475 BC Known as Attila the Hun; fearsome enemy of the Western and Eastern Roman Empire; 406-453 AD 63 BC-14 AD; first emperor of the Roman Empire Older brother of Ban Zhao; 1st Century Credited with establishing Zen Buddhism in China Led an uprising against the Roman Empire in 60 or 61 AD Led an uprising against the Roman Empire in 60 or 61 AD First female Chinese historian; 45-116 CE First female Chinese historian; 45-116 CE Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, Lived 12-41 AD. Emperor 37-41 AD And scholar at the Library of Alexandria; c. 310-240 BC And military strategist. Chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty; 155-220 Chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty; 155-220 Led resistance to the Roman western expansion in Britain Brother-in-law of Marcus Brutus and a leading instigator in the plot to kill Julius Caesar Follower of the Stoic philosophy Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis, 95-46 BC Poet of the Republican period; 84-54 BC Founder of the Maurya Empire; c. 340-298 BCE Statesman, political theorist and famous orator; 106-43 BC Played a key role in the development of the powerful Athenian maritime empire; 510-450 BC Ruled 41-54 AD; considered an able and efficient administrator Referred to as "the father of Athenian democracy"; grandfather of Alcibiades; b. c. 570 BC Pope Saint Clement I, the first Apostolic Father of the Church; papacy, c. 92-99 Last person to rule Egypt as a pharaoh; 69-30 BC First Christian emperor of Rome; Renowned for his wealth; 595-c. 547 BC Called the "father of pneumatics"; c. 285-222 BC Did his work in Ptolemaic Egypt, died c. 222 BCE Founder of the Persian Empire; c. 600-530 BC Husband of Atossa and son-in-law of Cyrus the Great; 550 - 486 BCE As early as the 8th century BC Formulated an atomic theory of the cosmos; c. 460-370 BC Founder of Carthage (in modern-day Tunisia) First to use the term "anatomy" to describe the study; lived in the 4th century BC Ruled 244-311; oversaw the bloodiest official persecution of Christianity One of the founders of Cynic philosophy; c. 412 BC-404 BC First lawgiver of ancient Athens, c. 7th century BCE; the laws' harshness gave rise to the word "draconian" Pre-Socratic, best known for being the originator of the cosmogenic theory of the four classical elements Founded school of thought known as Epicureanism, freedom from fear, absence of pain, self-sufficiency Founded a school of anatomy in Alexandria; 304-250 BCE Flourished in Alexandria c. 300 BC; often referred to as the Father of Geometry Last of the three great Athenian tragedians; c. 480-406 BCE Recorded first century Jewish history; 37-c.100 AD Son a a Vandal father and Roman mother; c. 359-408 Wealthy and generous patron for Augustan poets; 70 BC-c. 8 BC Reorganized military formations; 157-86 BC Elected consul an unprecedented seven times Of Greek ethnicity; interested in the debate between rationalist and empiricist theories of epistemology; b. AD 129 Contributed to the understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology and neurology; 2nd century AD 428-477; played a key role in the troubles of the Western Roman Empire Governor of Britain and conqueror of Scotland; born 40 AD And general. Governor of Britain and conqueror of Scotland Ruler of the city of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia, c. 2144-2124 BCE Ruled 117-138; best remembered for his wall marking the northern limit of Roman territory in Britain Author of a well-preserved law code dating to 1790 BC 248-183 BC; popularly credited as being one of the most talented military commanders in history Generally considered one of the most successful pharaohs; 1508-1458 BC Pre-Socratic; known for his doctrine that change was central to the universe Regarded as the Father of History in Western culture; lived in the 5th century BC Along with Homer, the earliest Greek poets whose works have survived Helped develop the philosophy of Legalism; c. 280-233 BCE Considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine, c. 460-370 BC Said to be the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey The leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus Patriarch of Antioch and student of John the Apostle Considered the first architect engineer in early history Considered to be one of the first physicians in early history; fl. 27th century BC 8th century BC prophet from the Kingdom of Judah Writings are in the Book of Jeremiah and the Book of Lamentations Legendary first emperor of Japan; trad. 660-585 BCE Executed a prophecy of Ameterasu the sun goddess and conquered Korea; trad. 200-269 BCE Regarded as the greatest poet and dramatist in the Sanskrit language Lived in the 4th or 5th century AD Second king of the united Kingdom of Israel, acclaimed as warrior, musician and poet; possibly c. 1040-970 BC Central figure in Taoism; 6th century BCE "lion's son", 17th of the Agiad line, died at the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC Third wife of Augustus, mother of Tiberius, grandmother of Claudius and great-great grandmother of Nero Titus Livius; wrote a history of Rome and the Roman people; 59-17 BC Born in the Roman Empire, wrote in the Greek language; c. 125-180 AD Tragic poet and literary scholar; 170-c. 86 BC One of the canonical great men of Roman history; 138-78 BC Titus Lucretius Carus, c. 99-55 BC Epic philosophical poem on Epicureanism, On the Nature of Things Together with Scopas and Praxiteles, of the three greatest sculptors of the Classical era, 4th c. BC C. 82-30 BC; his defeat by Octavian resulted in the demise of the republic form of government in Rome and the creation of the Roman Empire One of the "Good Emperors", ruled 161-180 Developed the philosophy of stoicism in his book known as the Meditations; died AD 180 And statesman. Best known for winning the naval Battle of Actium; born c. 63 BC Ancient North African nation; known as Roman ally in the Battle of Zama, 202 BC Comic dramatist, c. 342-291 BCE Traditionally attributed as the author of the Torah and the receiver of the 10 Commandments Credited with the construction of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon; c. 634-562 BC One of the principal wives of Ramesses the Great; name means "Beautiful Companion" Chief consort of Pharaoh Akhenaten; c. 1370-1330 BCE Known for his eight volume Collection; taught at Alexandria; (c. 340 BCE) Founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy; early 5th century BCE Pharmacologist and botanist who practiced in Rome at the time of Nero Led his countrymen during the first two years of the Peloponnesian War Turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire; c. 495-429 BCE Born in Macedonia, 15 BC; latinized fambles attributed to Aesop Central figure in a story which was the inspiration for the modern sporting event, the marathon Works include the Statue of Zeus at Olympia; c. 480-430 BC Father of Alexander the Great Hellenistic Jewish Biblical philosopher born in Alexandria; 20 BC-50 AD Of the lyric poets of ancient Greece, the one whose work is best preserved; c. 522-443 BCE Founder of the Academy in Athens Titus Maccius Plautus, c. 254-184 BC; comedies among the earliest surviving works in Latin Encyclopedic work, Naturalis Historia; died in the eruption of Mt Vesuvius, 8/25/79 Known for his letters; nephew of Pliny the Elder One of the highest officers of ancient Rome, 61-112 AD Founder of Neoplatonism; 205-270 AD Known primarily for his Parallel Lives and Moralia; c. 46-120 AD Along with Myron, Phidias and Kresilas, one of the most important sculptors of classical antiquity Best remembered as the judge at the trial of Jesus who authorized the crucifixion Second wife of Nero; 30-65 AD Disciple of Plotinus; 234-305 AD 4th c. BC; first to sculpt the nude female form in a life-size statue First person in the history of Christianity to be executed for heresy Pre-Socratic; numbered as one of the sophists by Plato Author of the only surviving comprehensive ancient treatise on astronomy, "The Almagest". Also a mathematician, geographer and King. Lived in Egypt under Roman rule, c. 90-168. Also an astonomer, geographer and King. In 305 BC he declared himself King Ptolemy I. There were in fact many King Ptolemys. All male rulers in the Ptolemaic Dynasty took the name Ptolemy. He was a mathematician, astronomer and geographer. The Annals and the Histories; known simply as Tacitus Known as Ovid, best known for three major collections of erotic poetry; 43 BC- AD 17/18 Ionian Greek philosopher and mathematician. Born c. 570 BC. Best known for the Pythagorean theorem Ionian Greek philosopher and mathematician. Born c. 570 BC. Founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. Explored northwestern Europe c. 325 BC; observations may include earliest report of Stonehenge Formed China's first united empire in 221 BCE Works found in anthology known as Chu Ci; c. 340-278 BCE Established the Nicene Creed as the orthodox doctrine of Christianity; b. 339 AD Christian saint. Renowned for his ascetic labors and Gospel teachings; c. 251-356 AD Father of the Church; author of "City of God"; 354-430 Martyred by decapitation c. AD 250; patron of Paris Consort of Emperor Constantius and mother of Constantine the Great Present day Lyon; early church father and apologist; 2nd century AD Wrote Adversus Haereses or "Against Heresies" in 180 AD Early Church Father; c. 347-407 AD Patron saint of Ireland; born c, 387 BC Lived for 37 years on a small platform on top of a pillar; c. 390-459 AD One of the twelve, known for his disbelieving Jesus' resurrection Gaius Sallustius Crispus (86-34 BC); accounts of the Catiline conspiracy and of the Jugurthine War Widow of Shamshi-Adad V, reigned three years, 811-808 BCE Hebrew Prophet -- first of the major prophets of the Hebrew Bible Born on the island of Lesbos between 630 and 612 BC; most of her poetry has been lost but her reputation endures Sargon of Akkad, famous for his conquest of the Sumerian city-states in the 23rd and 22nd centuries BCE Aka Scipio Africanus the Younger; led final siege and destruction of Carthage in 146 BC Leader of the senators opposed to the Gracchi in 133 BC Best known for defeating Hannibal in the final battle of the Second Punic War at Zama C. 395-350 BC; sculpted parts of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus Stoic philosopher, 3 BC- 65 AD Forced to commit suicide for complicity in the Pisonian conspiracy Son of Sargon II; reign 705-681 BC Latin elegiac poet, c. 50-15 BCE Shapur II the Great, ninth king of the Persian Sassanid Empire, reigned from 309-379 CE Became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BCE Simonides of Ceos, lyric poet; c. 556-468 BCE "Records of the Grand Historian", general history of China covering 2000 years; c. 145-86 BCE One of Imperial China's most revered players of the 7-string zither; 179-117 BCE Rhapsodic poetry in a complex and highly stylized language Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy; known chiefly through the writings of Plato Son of David; renowned for his wisdom Only 7 plays survive in complete form of the 123 written; c. 497-406 BCE Folk hero and inspiration for modern writers Wrote in the latter part of the Silver Age of Latin Literature, 14-117 AD Portions of two major works survive: the Annals and the Histories Historian and author, 56-117 AD Comedies were performed around 170-160 BC Pre-Socratic, one of the Seven Sages of Greece; c. 624-546 BCE Commander of the Greek allied navy at the battles of Artemisium and Salamis Last emperor to rule over both the eastern and western halves of the Roman Empire Successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic school; c. 371-287 BCE According to Aristotle, the first person ever to appear on stage as an actor Author of the History of the Peloponnesian War; c. 460-395 BCE Sixth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty Widely regarded as the founder of the Neo-Assyrian Empire; 8th century BC And historian. Wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people, "Ab Urbe Condita Libri"; 59 BC- 17 AD Wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people, "Ab Urbe Condita Libri"; 59 BC- 17 AD Wrote "On the Nature of Things" Known simply as Lucretius; c. 99-55 BC Great Royal Wife of the Pharaoh Amenhotep III; c. 1398-1338 BCE Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, 53-117 AD; best known for his extensive public building program 18th dynasty, ruled c. 1333-1323 BCE Christian missionary, translated the Bible into the Gothic language; c. 310-383 3rd dynasty of Ur, c. 2047-2030 BCE 3rd wife of Claudius with a reputation for promiscuity; executed 48 AD Author of the epic Ramayana; c. 400 BCE Buddhist scholar-monk; one of the founders of the Indian Yogacara school; flourished c. 4th c. Led ultimately unsuccessful revolt against Roman forces during the last phase of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars Publius Vergilius Maro; best known for the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the Aeneid; 70 BCE - 19 BCE Most important works are commentaries on the Dao De Jing and the I Ching Flourished during the Han Dynasty; c. 27-100 AD 303-361; traditionally referred to as the Sage of Calligraphy Xenophanes of Colophon, c. 570-475 BCE Xerxes the Great, fourth Zoroastrian king of the Achamenid Empire One of the foremost poets of the Southern and Northern Dynasties; 385-433 CE Confucian philosopher who lived during the Warring States Period Founder of the Stoic school; 334-262 BCE Member of the Eleatic School founded by Parmenides; Aristotle called him the inventor of the dialectic. Influential philosopher who lived around the 4th century BCE Founder of Zoroastrianism; lived about the 10th or 11th century BCE
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